oak tree; (arch.) imperial palace guard
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
alteration; falsification; faking
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
investigation; examination; inquiry; enquiry; survey
committee; commission; board; panel; committee meeting
foot of a mountain; base of a mountain; mine; colliery; owner of a mountain; operator of a mine
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
action; conduct; behaviour; behavior; mobilization; mobilisation
concerning; regarding; per (e.g. 100 yen per person); for every
disposal; throwing away; dealing with (a problem); measure; punishment; penalty
resolution; vote; decision
place; spot; field; discipline; occasion; situation; scene (of a play, movie, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to open; to undo; to bloom; to unfold; to open (for business, e.g. in the morning); to be wide (gap, etc.); to widen
commercialization (e.g. product); commodification
to advance; to move forward; to carry forward (plans, work, etc.); to proceed with; to raise; to elevate
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
north; the North; northern territories; North Korea; (arch.) north wind
plain; field; hidden (structural) member; wild; lacking a political post
temple; shrine; hall; company; (arch.) front room
medicine manufacture; drug manufacture
claim (for compensation); customer complaint seeking compensation; (general) complaint; objection
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
victim; injured party; sufferer
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to resign; to retire; to quit; to leave (one's job, etc.)
company president; manager; director
local specialty or souvenir bought as a gift while travelling; present brought by a visitor; something unpleasant that one is given (e.g. an illness while on vacation); unwelcome gift
to serve (in a bowl, on a plate, etc.); to dish out; to pile up; to heap up; to administer (medicine, poison); to dose out; to put into (e.g. information in a report, meaning in a statement)
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...