Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
bad debt; nonperforming loan
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Ginza (shopping district in Tokyo); (Edo period) silver mint
branch office; branch store
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
business; affairs; duties; work; procedure; task
promotion department; development department; enhancement department
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
information; news; intelligence; information; data contained in characters, signals, code, etc.
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to ferry across (e.g. a river); to carry across; to lay across; to build across; to hand over; to hand in
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
look of death; shadow of death
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Japanese apricot (Prunus mume); Japanese plum; ume; lowest (of a three-tier ranking system)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
now; the present time; just now; another; more
where ... is concerned; when it becomes; if it becomes
absurd; unreasonable; excessive; very; extremely; excessively
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to be affected; to be influenced; to be concerned with; to have to do with; to stick to (opinions)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
matter (to discuss); item (on the agenda); issue; (court) case
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
multi-floor building; multi-storey building; bill
details; particulars; longitude and latitude; warp and weft; warp and woof
table; chart; list; memorial to an emperor