you (when referring to one's equals or inferiors)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to lick; to lap; to taste; to experience (esp. a hardship); to look down on (someone); to make fun of
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
as one pleases; irresponsibility; free-for-all
isn't it?; let's ...; why don't we ...; how about we ...
effect; result; worth; Kai (former province located in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture)
Shinano (former province located in present-day Nagano Prefecture and parts of Gifu Prefecture)
Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you; (arch.) prefix indicating familiarity or contempt
territory; dominion; grounds (e.g. school)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
one's own convenience; one's way; surroundings; environment; convenience; ease of use; financial circumstances
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates word or phrase being defined; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); with; (not) as much as; (not) so much as; the fact that
something one finds questionable; something one finds fault with
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
to say; to be called; to do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to joke; to jest; to make fun of; to laugh at; to romp; to gambol
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
to leave alone; to leave as is; to ignore; to neglect
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
passion; temper; irritability
in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
to brush away; to sweep aside; to repel (e.g. enemy); to drive away; to rout
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
even though; despite; when
reconciliation; peace; rapprochement
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
to be prolonged; to drag on
conclusion from reasoning, judgement or calculation based on something read or heard; reason; cause; meaning; circumstances; situation