wall with exposed timber pillars
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
daughter; girl (i.e. a young, unmarried woman)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to work (for); to be employed (at); to serve (as); to act (as); to conduct a religious service
to take out; to get out; to put out; to reveal; to submit (e.g. thesis); to turn in; to publish
how much; something over; and something; however (much); no matter how
story; tale; talk; discussion
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
now; the present time; just now; another; more
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to close (e.g. book, eyes, meeting, etc.); to shut
number one; first; best; most; game; round
below; down; bottom; beneath; underneath; just after; right after
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
trace; vestige; mark; sign; evidence
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
to get rid of; to erase; to dispel; to eradicate; to wipe away
although; despite; whereas; while; if only; I wish
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to; for; from the standpoint of; as far as ... is concerned
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
special someone; special person; precious one; significant other
wife; your wife; his wife; married lady; madam
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
important; serious; valuable; precious; serious matter; major incident