indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
solitude; loneliness; isolation
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
ancient time; age of the gods
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
paper mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera)
original; primitive; primary; fundamental; raw
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to make fun of; to look down on; to make light of
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
shame; embarrassment; disgrace
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
to beat to death; to kill
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to be tied together; to be connected to; to lead to; to be related to; to be related (by blood)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
another (person); the other person; one more (person)
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
perhaps; likely; probably; I dare say
100,000,000; one hundred million
near; neighbourhood; nearly (e.g. "it took nearly one year"); close to; shortly; soon
to obtain; to come into possession of; to get hold of; to get one's hands on
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
materials; data; document
one person; being alone; being by oneself; being single; being unmarried; by oneself
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
river; stream; River; the ... river