indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
starting in advance; starting first; going first; starting (in team sports)
loose; lenient; lax; gentle (curve, slope, etc.); slow; weak; soft
sudden; abrupt; urgent; pressing; steep; sharp; rapid
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to attach; to join; to furnish (a house with); to wear; to put on; to keep a diary; to make an entry
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to suffer; to groan; to be worried
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Hiroshima (city, prefecture)
consecutive victories; series of victories
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to stop (moving); to come to a stop; to stop (doing, working, being supplied); to come to a halt; to alight; to perch on
cord; strap; thong; string (of a musical instrument, bow, etc.)
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
supervision; control; superintendence; director; superintendent; supervisor
friend; ally; supporter; taking sides with; supporting; standing by
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
lost point (in a game); point given away; run charged to the pitcher; blunder; mistake
to permit; to allow; to forgive; to pardon; to exempt (someone) from; to remit; to acknowledge
to finish; to stop; to close (a business, etc.); to close down; to put away; to put back
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
nicely; properly; frequently; often; I'm glad that you ...; thank you for ...
to throw; to hurl; to give up; to abandon; to cast (a glance, shadow, doubt, etc.)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
to be piled up; to lie on top of one another; to come one after another; to happen over and over; to overlap (each other); to occur at the same time
flow (of a fluid or gas); stream; flow (of people, things); passage (of time); course (of events); (step-by-step) procedure; group of people who remain together after the end of an event
to bring; to take (something) along; to fetch; to get
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
match; game; bout; contest
to wave; to shake; to sprinkle; to throw (dice); to cast (actor); to allocate (work); to turn down (somebody)
to return; to come back; to turn over; to become extremely; to become completely
one child; only child; one of several children (esp. the son and heir); one stone (in the game of go)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
numeral; figure; digit; numeric character
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
show business; entertainment industry; world of entertainment
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
place; spot; address; district; area; one's house; point
the place for; the time for; the level of
cheers; bottoms-up; toast; drink (in celebration or in honor of something); drinking one's glass dry