jpdb beta

Emperor of Japan

1

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

131

permission; approval; authorization; to permit; to authorize

1

nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible

13

Europe and America; the West

1

major powers of the world; great powers

1

if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question

45

treaty of commerce

1

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

114

to tie; to bind; to bear (fruit); to close (e.g. deal); to confirm; to connect (two distant places); to close tightly

1

founding a country; opening of a country (e.g. Japan) to the world; ending (a policy of) national seclusion

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

61

to take off; to jump; to take the plunge; to decide; to step out of the ring

1

Naosuke

1

indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis

120

opposition faction

1

people; men and women; each person; everybody

1

in succession; one by one

1

punishment; penalty

1

right arm; right-hand man; right hand; right-handed pitcher

1

Akikatsu

1

assassination

3

to plan; to plot; to attempt (e.g. suicide, murder); to undertake (e.g. business); (arch.) to stand on tip-toes

1

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

6

extreme; radical

1

speech and conduct; words and deeds

1

to fear; to be afraid of

3

head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major

2

state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear

2

feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province

11

by means of; due to; because of; according to

3

again; once more; a second time

1

hills and fields; hill and dale

5

jail; gaol; prison

9

imprisonment; incarceration

3

Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)

1

year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)

2

January; first month of the lunar calendar

1

Japanese cedar (Cryptomeria japonica)

2

house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family

2

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

2

New Year (esp. first three days); first month of the year; January

2

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

68

to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become

10

bell (often globular)

2

sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading

2

to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to

4

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

29

three years

1

once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time

1