to undergo great hardships; to waste away from great effort and worry
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
to give birth; to bear (child); to lay (eggs); to produce; to yield; to give rise to
to take care; to mind; to be attentive
excuse; explanation; justification; defense; defence
because of; owing to; due to
unthinkable; unimaginable; terrible; awful; (arch.) very
to be embarrassed; to lose face
surely (not); certainly (not)
to increase; to add to; to augment
like this; this sort; this way
not knowing at all (that); without the slightest idea (that); completely unaware (that)
to go mad; to lose one's mind; to get out of order; to go amiss; to go wrong (of a plan or expectation, etc.); to fall through
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
party-internal; within the party
reformation; revolution; renewal; Meiji Restoration
imperial loyalist samurai of the Bakumatsu-era; patriots; idealists willing to sacrifice themselves for the good of the nation
to stop by; to drop in for a short visit
to play a leading role; to play a central part
traction; towing; hauling; driving (e.g. economic growth)
near; nearby; not far off
suffixed to words indicating a class of people to create a plural (esp. in impolite contexts)
to end one's life; to commit suicide; to end a life; to kill
to mince; to cut fine; to carve; to engrave; to tick away (time); to beat out (e.g. rhythm); to etch (into one's mind)
ability; capability; skill
high; tall; expensive; high-priced; high (level); above average (in degree, quality, etc.)
valuation; appraisal; evaluation; appreciation; recognition; acknowledgement
question (e.g. on a test); problem; problem (e.g. societal, political); question; question (i.e. doubt); public discussion
to raise; to raise up; to wake; to wake up; to cause; to bring about; to start
official business; public business
to continue; to keep up; to keep on
claim; insistence; assertion; advocacy; emphasis; contention
though; notwithstanding; although
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
to shift one's attention to; to shift one's focus on
Western civilization; Western civilisation
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
smuggling (people); stowing away
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)