enemy of the emperor; rebel against the imperial government
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
state (US, Australia, India, Germany, etc.); province (e.g. Canada); continent; (arch.) dear
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
various fiefdoms; various domains
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
army; armed forces; military authorities; team; group
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
massing (of troops); gathering
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
return; comeback; reinstatement; carriage return; CR
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
thoroughness; completeness; consistency; thorough enforcement; seeing to it that a policy, etc. is carried out without exception
above; up; top; summit; surface; before; previous
allegiance; obedience; submission
road; path; route; way; distance; journey; road (e.g. to victory)
promptly; immediately; quickly; indifferently
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
to be due to; to be caused by; to depend on; to turn on; to be based on; to come from
to begin; to start; to happen (again); to begin (anew); to date (from); to originate (in)
katsura (Cercidiphyllum japonicum); Japanese Judas tree
to track down; to locate; to find out; to smoke out; to ferret out; to chase up
always; without exception; necessarily; certainly; without fail; positively
to catch; to capture; to grasp (e.g. meaning); to perceive; to captivate; to move (one's heart)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
all present; all concerned; all of us
disagreeable; detestable; unpleasant; reluctant
tide; current; sea water; opportunity; chance; thin soup of fish or shellfish boiled in seawater
young lady of noble birth; princess (esp. in Western contexts, tales, etc.); girl; small; cute; (arch.) prostitute
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
Gentoku era (1329.8.29-1331.8.9)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)