(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report
head; chief; merit; strong point; superiority; major
disturbance; agitation; commotion; upheaval; riot
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
curtain; bunting; act (in play)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to open (a door, etc.); to unwrap (e.g. parcel, package); to open (for business, etc.); to empty; to remove; to move out; to clear out
alternation of generations
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
feudal domain (Edo and early Meiji periods, precursor to current prefectures); fiefdom; province
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
to support; to prop; to sustain; to hold at bay; to stem; to check
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
Yamaguchi (city, prefecture)
one's nature; one's feelings; plain; unadorned; mere; poor
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
to live through; to survive
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
ought to do; have to do; must do; feel obliged to
inner part; inside; interior; depths (e.g. of a forest); back (of a house, drawer, etc.); bottom (e.g. of one's heart)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
man; male; fellow; guy; male lover; boyfriend
executive secretary; coordinator; organizer; person in charge of making arrangements
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
also; too; not ... either; (it's not possible) no matter what; although one might wish otherwise
change; variation; variety; diversity; inflection; declension
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
retirement (from work); leading a quiet life (after retirement); retired person; retiree; surrendering headship of the family (pre-WWII)
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
(those) who are; (that) which is; in the capacity of