jpdb beta

here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...

9

indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)

67

Gunma (prefecture)

11

to; towards; for

1

to come along; to come around; to turn up; to arrive at the present; to get where one is; to have been doing something (for a period of time)

1

pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)

7

was; were

1

general affairs

1

section manager; section chief

3

new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)

1

prefectural ordinance

15

your Excellency; his Excellency; her Excellency

1

at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for

90

oh; ah

6

adds force or indicates command

2

one's nature; one's feelings; plain; unadorned; mere; poor

2

boy

2

at once; immediately; without delay; promptly

3

potato (Solanum tuberosum)

1

this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")

15

prefecture (Japan); county (China, Taiwan, Norway, etc.); department (France); province (Italy, Spain, etc.)

5

indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question

143

industry; (arch.) livelihood; (arch.) occupation

7

administration; governance; the authorities; authority

1

to concern; to be related

1

document; official papers

4

indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.

91

to show; to display

4

to receive; to get; to eat; to drink; to be crowned with; to wear (on one's head)

13

that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...

10

but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that

7

(encouragement of) industry

5

lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)

3

Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation

14

everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly

1

control; management (e.g. of a business)

1

thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality

8

at; in; at; when; by; with; and then

52

(sound of a) gunshot; (gun) report

1

ah; oh; hey!

10

safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good

2

indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very

14

to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing

5

right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?

23

inside; within; while (e.g. one is young); during; among; amongst; in (secret, chaos, poverty, etc.)

4

coach (horse-drawn); carriage; wagon; cart

3

to get on (train, plane, bus, ship, etc.); to get in; to get on (e.g. a footstool); to step on; to reach; to go over; to follow

3

from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)

21

highwayman; bandit; brigand; highway robbery; holdup; mugging

2

something like ...; things like ...; someone like ...; the likes of ...

2