congratulations; felicitations; best wishes; longevity; long life
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
consequence; outcome; result; blame
surely; undoubtedly; sternly; severely; having no slack; rigid
to watch over; to watch attentively
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to study (in depth); to learn; to take lessons in
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
to go out to meet; to receive; to welcome; to accept (e.g. as a member of a group or family); to call for; to summon
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
I; me; oneself; (arch.) you
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
friend; companion; comrade; accompaniment; companion (e.g. book); complement
to stop; to turn off; to park; to prevent; to suppress (a cough); to stop (someone from doing something); to dissuade
-ian (e.g. Italian); -ite (e.g. Tokyoite); -er (e.g. performer, etc.); person working with ...; man; person
together with; same; both; all; including ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to love; to cherish; to admire; to appreciate
person; someone; human beings; mankind; human (Homo sapiens); (other) people; others
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself