suffix for familiar person
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
happiness; good fortune; luck; blessing
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
necessary; needed; essential; necessity; need; requirement
things like; something like; someone like; such a thing as; (the fact) that; to think that
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
don't you think?; indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
lover; sweetheart; boyfriend; girlfriend
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
looking on (somebody) as hostile
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
marriage ceremony; wedding; nuptials
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
performance (e.g. music, dance, pantomime, etc.)
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
myself; yourself; I; me; you
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to put; to place; to leave (behind); to establish (an organization, a facility, a position, etc.); to set up; to appoint (someone to a certain position); to hire
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
I'm sorry; my apologies; may I come in?; permission; leave; dismissal
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
two persons; two people; pair; couple
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
cooked rice; meal; food; one's living; livelihood
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk