indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
(the) positive; yang (in Chinese divination); the open; visible place
flower; blossom; cherry blossom; beauty; blooming (esp. of cherry blossoms); ikebana; hanafuda
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
seriousness; earnestness; truth; sanctity
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to come to like; to become fond of; to fall in love
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
for the first time; only after ... is it ...; only when ... do you ...; first time; (one's) first
(period of) a year; during an era
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to trick; to cheat; to deceive; to coax; to wheedle; to soothe and humor (humour)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
like; similar to; (I) think (that); (I) have a feeling (that); feels like; feels similar to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
what kind of; what sort of; what; no matter what (kind of); whatever; any
method; manner; appearance; air; tendency; folk song (genre of the Shi Jing)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to live; to get along; to spend (time)
to come and see (someone, something); to visit
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...