indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to fall down; to drop; to be omitted; to be missing; to decrease; to sink; to fail (e.g. exam or class)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
Yama (king of the world of the dead, who judges the dead); Emma; Yan; Yomna
sal (tree) (Shorea robusta); saul; Japanese stewartia (Stewartia pseudocamellia)
sen (hundredth of a yen); coin made of non-precious materials; one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of currency); (arch.) one-thousandth of a kan (as a unit of mass)
(political) violence; violent tactics used by political radicals
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
as a child; when one was a child; childhood
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
devious; cunning; sly; crafty
elementary school; primary school; school for children over eight years old in ancient China; traditional Chinese philology
pupil in ... year; student in ... year
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
future (usually near); prospects
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
ranking; toplist (e.g. of WWW sites)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
(establishing a) big lead; (winning by a) huge margin; breaking away (from the field)
first place; first rank; unit's position; Japanese yew (Taxus cuspidata)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
expectation; anticipation; prediction; forecast; conjecture
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
splendid; magnificent; utter (esp. defeat); total; (arch.) something worth seeing; (arch.) sight
hitting the target; striking home; proving to be right; coming true; being on the mark
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
young; youthful; immature; green; low (number); small
in a sense; in some way; to an extent
paying for one's mistakes; getting one's just deserts; suffering the consequences (of one's own actions); reap what you sow
to approach (one's) death; to face (one's) death
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
death; decease; (arch.) death penalty (by strangulation or decapitation); (an) out
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
death; mortality; to die; to pass away
place; location; room; space; basho; wrestling tournament