honorific/polite/humble prefix
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
liked; well-liked; in love (with); loved; faddism; eccentricity
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to touch; to feel; to get involved (with); to approach; to be harmful to; to hinder
past; after; too (much); over- (e.g. eating)
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
in that way; thus; so; so?
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
memory; sense; experience
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
shower of dharma; Buddhism flowing forth
sure; certain; reliable; trustworthy; If I'm not mistaken; If I remember correctly
to touch; to feel; to touch (with); to experience; to come in contact with; to touch on (a subject); to allude to
funny; amusing; strange; odd; improper; unsuitable
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
duty; responsibility (incl. supervision of staff); liability; onus
to take; to pick up; to pass; to hand; to get; to obtain; to adopt (a method, proposal, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to be troubled; to have difficulty; to be bothered; to be inconvenienced; to be badly off; to be hard up
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
it seems; I think; I guess; right?; don't you agree?
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
I'm off; see you later; to go (and then come back)
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
hello (e.g. on phone); excuse me! (when calling out to someone)
to get up; to rise; to wake up; to be awake; to occur (usu. of unfavourable incidents); to happen
what's the matter?; what's wrong?; what happened (to) ...?; what have you done (with) ...?; where is ...?
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all