to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to attack; to assault; to assail
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
in front (of); before (e.g. a building); before; earlier; (the) front; frontal part; forward
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
how; in what way; by what means
old age; age; old people; (arch.) I; (arch.) me; (arch.) my humble self
first-person plural (or singular); second or third person plural (implies speaker is of higher status than those referred to)
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
win; victory; beautiful scenery; scenic spot; counter for wins
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
(Edo-period) chief minister
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
public matter; governmental matter; prince; duke; lord; sir
to play a leading role; to play a central part
discussion; deliberation; thought; opinion
capable person; talented person; human resources; personnel
appointment; assignment; promotion
magnificent; grand; fair; square; grandly; boldly
to fight against; to oppose; to face
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to replace; to exchange; to interchange; to substitute
all present; all concerned; all of us
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
slow; time-consuming; late (in the day); towards the end (of the day or night); later (than expected or usual); late
adds force or indicates command
emperor; shogun; honored person (honoured); (another person's) wife
going into battle; departure for the front
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
Kōzuke (former province located in present-day Gunma Prefecture)
Kan'ei era (1624.2.30-1644.12.16)
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
somehow; how; in what way; why; what kind of
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to believe; to believe in; to place trust in; to confide in; to have faith in
allegiance; obedience; submission
feelings; thoughts; meaning
to (take out and) show; to demonstrate; to point out (finger, clock hand, needle, etc.); to indicate; to show