in the first place; to begin with; after all; anyway; beginning; start
attack under the cover of darkness; surprise attack; sneak attack
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
to engage in a bloody feud; to have a family quarrel; to quarrel with one's own flesh and blood; (lit.) to wash blood for blood
to leave (behind); to leave (undone); to not finish; to save; to set aside; to leave (to someone, esp. after one's death)
living in peace; living a quiet life; being content with one's present position; being satisfied with one's lot
Ansei era (1854.11.27-1860.3.18)
April; fourth month in the lunar calendar
chief retainer; daimyo's minister
beginning; start; first (in line, etc.); origin; such as ...; not to mention ...
counter for people (usu. seating, reservations and such); first name; famous; great; name; noun
arrest; apprehension; capture
Tokugawa Yoshiatsu (1832-1868)
to be moderate in; to be temperate in; to refrain (from doing); to withhold (an announcement, comment, etc.); to be beside; to be close by
Tokugawa Nariaki (1800-1860)
one's home; hometown; native place; birthplace
eternity; permanence; perpetuity
keeping house; being confined to one's house
to manage; to deal with; to cope with; to sentence; to condemn; to punish
oppression; suppression; pressure
to carry to extremes; to go to the end of something; to investigate thoroughly; to master
Yoshida Shouin (1830.9.20-1859.11.21)
et cetera; etc.; or something; the likes of; for example; for instance
many; much; majority (of); greater part (of); mostly; mainly
seppuku; harakiri; ritual suicide by disembowelment; seppuku as a death penalty (where the convict is decapitated by a second as they make the motions to disembowel themself; Edo period)
capital crime; crime resulting in a death penalty
to strain (one's stomach); to bear down (during childbirth); to push down
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
girl; daughter; baby girl; young woman
cute; adorable; dear; precious; innocent; childlike
lively; full of spirit; energetic; healthy; well; fit
boy; son; baby boy; young man
without (doing); instead of; if (it) isn't done; if (one) doesn't do ...; if not ...; unless ...
near; close; beside; vicinity; proximity; besides
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk