indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
honorific/polite/humble prefix
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
(not) anything; (nothing) at all; and everything else; and all; (not) at all; (not) in the least
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ago; since; before; previous
as it is; as one likes; because; condition; state
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
to die; to pass away; to lose spirit; to lose vigor; to cease; to stop
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
good (quality, condition, etc.); Good (grade); B
addition; adding up; integration; estimate; quantity survey
under (guidance, supervision, rules, the law, etc.); under (a flag, the sun, etc.); beneath; with (e.g. one blow); on (the promise, condition, assumption, etc. that ...); (somebody's) side
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to go away; to pass; to elapse; to be distant; to send away; to drive off
so; like this; in this way
sad; miserable; unhappy; sad; lamentable; deplorable
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
before or since; neither before nor after; no other time in one's life; stressing a particular moment or event as being unique or most extreme
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
infantry; infantryman; foot soldier
class (of students); group (of people); party; lot; bunch; crime family; organized-crime syndicate
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
to take command; to give direction
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
to have a meal; to eat; to make a living; to earn one's bread
while; during; while; although; all; both
to line up; to stand in a line; to rival; to match; to equal