indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to go to ruin; to go under; to fall; to be destroyed; to die out; to become extinct
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
woman; female; feminine gender
delicious; tasty; sweet; attractive; appealing; convenient
yakiniku; Japanese dish of grilled meat similar to Korean barbecue; roasted meat; grill
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
honorific/polite/humble prefix
sushi; anything made with vinegared rice (may also contain vegetables, spices, fish, or other delicacies)
man; male; masculine gender
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
once; one time; one round; one game; one bout; one heat
to shut oneself in (e.g. one's room); to be confined in; to be filled with (emotion, enthusiasm, etc.); to fill the room (of a gas, smell, etc.); to be heavy with (e.g. smoke); to be muffled (e.g. voice); to hold (a castle, fortress, etc.)
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
female clothing; wearing female clothing; cross dressing (for a man)
habit (often a bad habit, i.e. vice); tendency; peculiarity; idiosyncrasy; crease; wrinkle
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
that being the case; because of ...; the reason is ...; given that ...
without change; as is; just like; extremely similar; immediately; just after
female; woman; female sex; female lover; girlfriend; mistress
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
menu; schedule; program; (computer) menu
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
cooking; cookery; cuisine; dealing with something; handling; administration
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
it doesn't matter what; anything is fine
recently; lately; these days; nearest; closest
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
morning; breakfast; (arch.) next morning
hour; o'clock; (specified) time; when ...; during ...
molester; groper; masher; pervert
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to decrease (in size or number); to diminish; to abate