overturning; capsizing; overthrow (e.g. of a government)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seal of blood; sealing with one's blood
form; shape; state; condition; letter; correspondence
strait with a roaring tidal ebb and flow; whirlpool; kamaboko with a spiral whirlpool-like pattern; cooking technique where ingredients are cut in a spiral pattern; Naruto (city in Tokushima); Naruto Strait; Naruto wakame
search; lookup; hunt; (item of) research; exploration; investigation
dense; thick; close (relationship); intimate; minute; fine
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to wear (sword, decoration, etc.); to carry; to be entrusted (e.g. with a mission); to take on; to have a trace of; to be tinged with
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
to depart (on a plane, train, etc.)
Nakasendo (Edo-period Edo-Kyoto highway)
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
prison; jail; gaol; firm; solid; strong
lodging; inn; house; home; home of a servant's parents (or guarantor, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way
queer fellow; odd fellow; eccentric person; crank; oddball; freak
Hiraga Gennai (1728?-1779)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
ball of dried, ground, fermented dyer's knotweed leaves
making; producing; appearance (attire, make-up, etc.); build; physique; sashimi
to go around; to return; to surround; to concern (usu. of disputes)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
Awa (former province located in present-day Tokushima Prefecture)
about; concerning; related to; -ish
confrontation; opposition; antagonism
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
everything; all; the whole; entirely; completely; wholly
farce; charade; person who serves tea; short and humorous improvised sketch (originating from Edo-era kabuki)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
to be called ...; to be referred to as ...
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
to chase; to run after; to follow (a set order, a trend, etc.); to drive out; to get rid of; to drive (e.g. a herd)
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
reward; compensation; collateral; security; turning to look behind
honorific/polite/humble prefix
rope; cord; line; grand champion's braided belt
hired thief taker (Edo-period); private detective; private secret policeman
strange; unexpected; (by) chance; unusual; curious