Edo Castle (residence of the Shogun during the Edo period, now the site of the Tokyo Imperial Palace)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to remain; to stay (somewhere)
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
silence (not speaking); muteness
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to go through; to pierce; to run through (e.g. a river through a city); to pass through; to stick to (opinion, principles, etc.); to carry out
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
warrior (esp. of military retainers of daimyos in the Edo period); samurai; (arch.) man in attendance (on a person of high standing); (arch.) retainer
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
drawing room; study; publishing house; writing alcove
number (in a series); (one's) turn; watch; guard; rank; standing; bout
man (esp. one who is well-respected); samurai; person (in a certain profession, esp. licensed); member
arrow and target; arrow used for shooting marks
gradually; steadily; slowly; little by little; step by step; by degrees
to pass (the night); to spend; to reveal; to divulge; to prove; to verify
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
stubbornness; obstinacy; disposition; nature; appetite; desire
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
wife; (arch.) my dear; (arch.) dear; garnish (esp. one served with sashimi); embellishment
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
to see; to look; to examine; to look over; to look after; to attend to; to experience
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to mind; to care about; to be an issue; to matter; to keep company; to care for; to interfere with
both in name and reality; both in name and substance
Edo (shogunate capital, now Tokyo); Yedo
period; epoch; the times; those days; oldness; ancientness
Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
to move (house); to transfer (department); to change the target of interest or concern; to elapse (passage of time); to be permeated by a colour or scent; to be infected
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
black; black go stone; guilt; guilty person
to pollute; to contaminate; to soil; to disgrace; to dishonour; to dishonor