indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
splendid; nice; sufficient; fine (in the sense of "I'm fine"); well enough; OK
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
laugh; laughter; smile; sneer; sex aids (e.g. dildos, pornographic books, erotic woodblock prints, etc.)
if; in case; as for; on the topic of; if that's the case; if so
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
slowly; quietly; steadily; soon; momentarily; before long
farewell; adieu; goodbye; so long
time; hour; period; class
well then ...; in that situation; in which case
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to meet; to encounter; to see; to have an accident; to have a bad experience
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
something; something or other; so-and-so; somehow; anyhow; one way or another
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
fat; thick; deep (of a voice); thick; daring; shameless
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
here I am; I'm home!; presently; right away; right now
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
washing one's hands; water (or basin, etc.) for washing one's hands; restroom; lavatory; hand-washing (laundry, etc.)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh