tomoe; heraldic design composed of two or more interlocked comma-shaped figures
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to employ; to hire; to charter
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
always; all the time; never; usual; regular
beautiful; pretty; lovely; sweet; pure (heart, friendship, etc.)
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to desire; to wish for; to expect; to see; to command (a view of)
such; that sort of; that kind of; no way!; never!
intention; plan; belief; assumption; estimate; estimation
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
aeroplane; airplane; aircraft
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
to notice; to become aware; to be scrupulous; to be attentive; to recover consciousness; to come to oneself
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
to live; to exist; to make a living; to subsist; to be in effect; to be in use
indicates reason or excuse; indicates dissatisfaction; indicates desire to be pampered or indulged
spring; springtime; New Year; prime (of life); height (of one's prosperity); adolescence
to; traditional unit of volume, approx. 18 litres; square bearing block (at the top of a pillar); Chinese "Dipper" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
certain; sure; doubtless; I have no doubt; You can depend on it; It's a safe bet
manuscript; copy; draft; notes; contribution
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
mama; mamma; mom; female proprietress (of a bar, etc.)
strange; weird; wonder; mystery; cleverness; adroitness
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
to go through; to suffer; to experience (something unpleasant)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!