honorific/polite/humble prefix
deep; profound; dense; thick; close (relationship); intense; strong
river; stream; River; the ... river
patrolling; one's rounds; inspection tour; watchman; patrolman
direction; way; person; lady; method of; manner of; care of ...
concentricity; same mind; unanimity; policeman; constable in the Edo period
well curb; well kerb; family crest design based on a square wooden well curb
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
kindness; intimacy; friendship
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
truth; reality; sincerity; honesty; content; substance
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
mallow (any plant of family Malvaceae); Asarum caulescens (species of wild ginger); hollyhock
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to use (a thing, method, etc.); to make use of; to use (a person, animal, puppet, etc.); to employ; to use (time, money, etc.); to spend
event; affair; incident; case; plot; trouble
to stub out (e.g. a cigarette); to crush out; to smother (fire); to hush up; to cover up; to stifle
but; however; (and) yet; nevertheless; still; for all that
to bear; to stand; to restrain; to control; to forgive; to put up with
to give; to confer; to bestow; to kindly do for one; to oblige; to favour
request; favour (to ask); wish; please
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
such things as ...; and ... and; the minute (that) ...; no sooner than ...; be; is; o
together with; as X, then Y (e.g. as we age we gain wisdom, as wine matures it becomes more valuable, etc.)
to search for; to look for; to hunt for; to search (a house, pocket, etc.); to search through; to rummage in (e.g. a drawer)
in order to; for the purpose of; must; should
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
up through; up until; down to; from ... to ... (e.g. from head to toe); everything from ... to ...
outline; summary; gist; roughly; about; nearly
to hear; to listen (e.g. to music); to ask; to enquire; to hear about; to hear of; to follow (advice, order, etc.)
to decide to; to pretend that; to make a practice of doing; to make it a rule to
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
wisteria (esp. Japanese wisteria, Wisteria floribunda); wistaria
to bloom; to blossom; to become lively (esp. of conversation); to become animated; to experience a golden age
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season