indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
how; in what way; how about
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
painful; sore; cringy; embarrassing; exceeding
to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
wood; woods; forest; bunch (of something); cluster; line
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
to be careful; to pay attention; to take care
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
sound of footsteps; sense or sign that something is approaching
very; greatly; immense; enormous; serious; grave
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
police officer; policeman; policewoman
sorry; excuse me; thank you
pardon; forgiveness; forbearance
please (give me); please (do for me)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
it is assuredly that ...; can say with confidence that ...
to move; to stir; to operate; to run; to make a move; to take action; to be touched
discourtesy; impoliteness; excuse me; goodbye; to leave; to be rude
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to pull; to draw; to string (lines); to run (cable); to pull towards oneself (e.g. someone's sleeve); to drag; to haul
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
all together now!; one, two, go!; ready, set, go!; heave, ho!; oops-a-daisy
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
foot; paw; leg; gait; pace; bottom structural component (i.e. radical) of a kanji; means of transportation
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
no!; no no!; no, not at all
injury; wound; mistake; accident; loss
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
to curse; to put a curse on; to detest intensely
curse; spell; malediction
summer vacation; summer holiday
so; therefore; accordingly; like I said; I told you already
enjoyable; fun; pleasant; happy; delightful