parent; parents; dealer (in cards, mahjong, etc.); banker; founder; inventor; (pet) owner
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
abuse; ill-treatment; maltreatment; mistreatment; cruelty
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
only; merely; approximately; about; just (finished, etc.); as if to; (as though) about to
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
seeming ...; appearing ...; -ish; like a ...; typical of ...
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
everyone; anyone; no one; nobody
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to strike; to hit; to beat; to punch
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
instead of; in place of; as a substitute for; in exchange for; in return for; to make up for
1000 ri; (a) long distance
suffix for familiar person
to save; to rescue; to help; to assist; to support (financially); to contribute (to)
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
bad (taste); unpalatable; poor; unskillful; ugly; unattractive
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
still; as yet; (not) yet; more; (more) still; at least
report; notification; tip; message (in information and communication theory)
police; police officer; police station
to notice; to recognize; to recognise; to become aware of; to perceive; to realize
immediately; right away; at once; instantly
to fly; to soar; to jump; to leap; to spatter; to scatter; to hurry
to rescue from; to help out of; to save
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
tengu; long-nosed goblin; bragging; conceit; braggart
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
mission; errand; task; duty; obligation