indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
(camera) shutter; shutter (for a door, window, etc.)
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
this way; this direction; here; this (one); I; me
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
quiet; calm; leisurely; distant; far-off; boundless
please; kindly; by all means; certainly; here you are; to give
why; oh; no!; quit it!; stop!
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
hot; warm; passionate; impassioned; on everybody's mind; on the radar
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
future; possible; potential; prospective
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
one; 1; best; first; foremost; beginning; start
lesson; section (in an organization); division; counter for lessons and chapters (of a book)
(police) detective; criminal matter
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to memorize; to memorise; to learn; to pick up; to feel; to think
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
bad; poor; poor (quality); inferior; evil; sinful; ugly
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
to catch; to capture; to catch hold of (someone); to stop (e.g. a stranger in the street); towards (someone); at (someone)
flagrante delicto; caught red-handed
and the like; such as; or something; something like; I hear that ...; people say that...
to have a go; to try and do (something); to take a chance with something
to turn toward; to look (up, down, etc.); to face (e.g. east) (of a building, window, etc.); to look out on; to point (of an arrow, compass needle, etc.); to be suited to
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?