decorative black flagpole tassel made from tail hair (of a yak, horse, ox, etc.) or dyed hemp
brightness; discernment; insight; eyesight; vision; nth year in the Meiji era (1868.9.8-1912.7.30)
just; right; pure; genuine; truth
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
field; plain; prairie; tundra; moor; wilderness
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)
(university) president; chancellor; principal; provost
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
inside and outside; interior and exterior; inside and outside the country; home and abroad; around; about
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
appeal (e.g. to public opinion); plea; appeal (e.g. sex appeal); attractiveness; appeal (e.g. in baseball); emphasizing (strong points, etc.)
difficulty; trouble; accident; disaster; fault; defect
surgery; operation; procedure; skill with one's hands; sleight of hand
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
positive; assertive; active; proactive; aggressive
to live; to make a living; to get on with
to call out (to); to call; to summon (a doctor, etc.); to invite; to designate; to name; to garner (support, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
honor; honour; credit; prestige
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to change; to alter; to transform; to reform; to revise; to amend
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
same; identical; equal; anyway; anyhow; in either case
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); unowned; not had; unique; not; impossible
to feel anxious; to feel nervous; fluttering down; trickling down (e.g. tears); hanging untidily (of hair); straggling
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
medical care; medical treatment
industry; (arch.) livelihood; (arch.) occupation
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
unnecessary; not needed; not necessary
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed