indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
alright; all right; right on; looking good; OK; okay
crane (any bird of the family Gruidae, esp. the red-crowned crane, Grus japonensis)
bonze; monk; monk's dwelling; boy; son; I; me
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
oops; that's enough (when pouring up alcohol, etc.)
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
voice; singing (of a bird); chirping (of an insect); voice; opinion (as expressed in words); sound; sense (of something's arrival)
huff!; yo-heave-ho!; heigh-ho; to butter up; to suck up to
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
celebratory drink; celebratory spirits; holiday cheer
good fortune (esp. omikuji fortune-telling result); good luck; auspiciousness; unspecified day of the month (used to obscure the date a letter, invitation, etc. was written)
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
no; nay; well; er; you're welcome; not at all
incredible; unbelievable; terrific; impressive
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
another; one more; not quite; not very good; lacking
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
look!; look out!; hey!; look at me!; there you are!
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to eat; to live; to make a living; to bite; to sting (as insects do); to tease; to torment
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
skill learned in one's former days; using one's experience from the past
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
fellow; guy; thing; object; he; she
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
boss; leader; kingpin; chief; head (e.g. of a crime syndicate)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
proprietress (of a traditional Japanese inn or restaurant); landlady; hostess; mistress
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
to hit; to strike; to strike (noon, etc.); to sound (cymbals, etc.); to beat (rhythmically, e.g. pulse, waves, etc.); to move; to impress
stand; rack; support; holder; counter for machines, incl. vehicles; setting (e.g. in jewellery); level (e.g. price level)
to make; to produce; to prepare (food); to brew (alcohol); to raise; to grow; to till
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)