(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
monkey (esp. the Japanese macaque, Macaca fuscata); ape; sly person; idiot; hick; sliding wooden bolt (for holding a door or window shut); clasp used to control the height of a pot-hook
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
large; big; older; senior; final; ultimate
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
farmer; peasant; farming; the common people
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to shake out; to draw a check (bill, draft, etc.); to issue (e.g. money order); to infuse (e.g. in hot water)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
common foot soldier (feudal Japan); samurai of the lowest rank
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
house (e.g. of Tokugawa); family
chief vassal; senior statesman
success in life; getting ahead; successful career; promotion; climbing the corporate ladder; eminence
stairs; stairway; staircase
in one go; in one gulp; in one breath; immediately; instantly; right away
to run up (a hill, stairs etc.); to dash up; to rush up
and; and then; thus; and now; and finally
influence; power; might; strength; potency; force
sudden; abrupt; rapid; sharp; drastic; radical
magnification; enlargement; expansion; amplification
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
samurai; warrior; military family
person of paramount authority; supreme wielder of power
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
throne; crown; government position; court rank; social standing; rank; grade (of quality, etc.)
commander-in-chief of the expeditionary force against the barbarians; great, unifying leader
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(social) position; status
both in name and reality; both in name and substance
once; before; formerly; never yet; never before; first time
to cross over; to cross; to pass through; to exceed; to surpass; to be more (than)
to have been decided (so) that; to have been arranged (so) that; to be the result (of); to be the outcome; to be the reason (for)
to get up (e.g. from bed); to make one's way in the world; to achieve in life
ordinary; common; free of charge; unaffected; as is; only