this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
farewell; be that so; in that case; (arch.) however; (arch.) though that may be the case
taikō (esp. Toyotomi Hideyoshi); title for a regent, later for the grand chancellor, also for the father of an Imperial adviser (advisor) who passed the role to his son
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
oneself (itself, etc.); I; me; you; by oneself (itself, etc.); interjection expressing anger or chagrin
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to be anxious or concerned about; to ponder (anxiously); to fear; to investigate; to consider; to plan
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
very young; little; childish; immature
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
to be led by; to be headed by
Council of Five Elders (committee of daimyo formed by Toyotomi Hideyoshi to rule Japan until his son Hideyori came of age)
(political) administration; political power
to entrust (a matter) to; to leave to; to abandon oneself to (e.g. pleasure); to yield to (e.g. anger); to devote oneself to
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
growth; development; growing up; growth (of a company, the economy, etc.)
to let (someone) play; to keep (someone) amused; to leave idle; to not make use of; to do; to do
dawn; daybreak; event (e.g. "in the event of ..."); occasion; occurrence
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
seat; place; position; status; gathering; party; stand
at once; immediately; right away; directly (face, lead to, etc.); automatically (mean, result in, etc.)
return gift; return favour (favor); revenge; change (in a cash transaction)
furthermore; again; after all; more and more; moreover; even more
aid; help; assistance; assistant; counselor; counsellor
as (i.e. in the role of); for (i.e. from the viewpoint of); apart from... (used to change the topic); even (e.g. "not even a single person"); thinking that...; trying to...
particular; special; exceptional; particularly; especially; exceptionally
to deal with (a person); to treat; to deal with (a problem); to handle; to operate (e.g. a machine); to handle; to deal in
(Edo-period) chief minister
but; however; even; however; no matter how; ... or something; either ... or ...
magistrate; shogunate administrator
to also be (implies that as well as the earlier stated this is also the case); to be ... or something
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
interesting; fascinating; amusing; funny; enjoyable; fun
the whole world; the whole country; society; the public; supremacy over a nation; government of a country; having one's own way