summer campaign of the siege of Osaka (1615 CE)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to end; to come to an end; to close; to finish
people; citizens; subjects; folk
department (in an organization); division; club; part; component; category
Lord; Sir; state minister (under the ritsuryo system); (arch.) you (in reference to someone of lower status)
bureau; department; office (e.g. post, telephone); broadcasting station (e.g. television, radio); affair; situation
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
victory; triumph; conquest; success; win
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
castle (in place names); castle; fortress
going up in flames; destruction by fire (esp. of a large building); stirring up a storm of criticism online (of an article, tweet, statement, etc.); becoming the target of an Internet pitchfork mob
collapse; break; cave-in; crash; (market) decline
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
honorific/polite/humble prefix; honorific suffix
to let (someone) play; to keep (someone) amused; to leave idle; to not make use of; to do; to do
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
(arch.) large river (esp. the Yangtze); Lake Biwa
thunder; thunderclap; crash of thunder
theme; topic; subject matter; motif; project; slogan
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
singing voice; (sound of) singing
good fortune; happiness; blessing; good luck
very; much; greatly; a lot of
honorific/polite/humble prefix
Ladies and Gentlemen!; all of you; everyone
good; advantage; sake; purpose; consequence; result
preparation; arrangements; provision; getting ready; laying out (e.g. a meal)
treat; banquet; feast; (arch.) running about
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
many; much; a great amount; (arch.) excessive amount
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
adds force or indicates command
this occasion; at this time; now
congratulation; congratulations; celebration; congratulatory gift; present
counter for suits of clothing; arriving at ...
very; extremely; exceedingly; top; highest; best
used to indicate respect for the listener (or reader)