fertile shoot of field horsetail
person in charge; official; attendant
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
leading a meeting; presiding over a meeting; officiating at a ceremony; chairman; presenter; host
next; following; subsequent; stage; station
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
whole; all; general; gross; entire; overall
nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
as one would expect; naturally; indeed; still; all the same; after all
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
a man's word is his bond; a man does not go back on what he's said
indicates emotion or admiration; indicates emphasis; I; me; wah!; boo!
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
it is ... that ...; precisely; although; while; it is precisely because ... that ...; only because ...
to bark; to howl; to howl (e.g. of the wind); to roar; to yell; to cry
to scratch; to perspire; to shovel; to paddle
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
adds force or indicates command
that child; that kid; that boy; (arch.) you
subtle; delicate; difficult; complex; doubtful; questionable
truth; reality; proper; right; genuine; authentic
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
taste (in fashion, music, etc.); sense (e.g. of humour); flair
together; at the same time; same; identical
that sort of; that kind of; like that; such; so