fertile shoot of field horsetail
why?; what for?; how?; by what means?
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
brand items; brand-name goods
senior high school student
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
operation (of a machine, etc.); operating; driving; working (capital, etc.)
manner of using one's hands
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
seeing (or dropping) off, then later picking up or going to meet (the same person)
existing (at the present moment); alright; acceptable; to be (usu. of inanimate objects); to have
to get; to earn; to understand; to comprehend; to receive something undesirable (e.g. a punishment); to get (ill)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to thrust (something) into (something); to cram; to plunge into; to charge into; to delve into (a matter); to go into depth; to press (someone) about
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to get tired; to tire; to become worn out (of a well-used object); (arch.) to starve
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
celeb; celebrity; wealthy person; rich person; affluent; wealthy
to go to and from (a place); to go back and forth between; to go to (school, work, etc.); to attend; to circulate (e.g. blood, electricity); to be communicated (e.g. thought)
educational institution; school; academy; campus
infancy; childish; infantile; immature
hut; house; boarding house; school dormitory; (arch.) one day's march (approx. 12.2 km)
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
university; college; former central university of Kyoto (established under the ritsuryo system for the training of government administrators); the Great Learning (one of the Four Books)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
equation; formula; ceremony; style; (arch.) enforcement regulations (of the ritsuryo)
extremely; exceptionally; extraordinarily; terribly; super
noted family; noble family; prestigious school, organization, business, etc.
that; the; part (as in "part two"); um ...; er ...
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to buy; to purchase; to value; to have a high opinion; to stir; to provoke
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
yes; that is correct; um; errr; huh?; grrr
to stay at (e.g. hotel); to be docked; to be berthed; to be moored