oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
thank you for your hard work; good work; see you; goodbye; goodnight
murder; killing; murderer
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
accident; incident; trouble; circumstances; reasons
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
handrail; railing; banister
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be disconnected; to get out of place; to miss the mark; to get it wrong (e.g. guess, expectation); to be removed; to be excluded
one child; only child; one of several children (esp. the son and heir); one stone (in the game of go)
sorry; excuse me; thank you
to stick through; to force through; to spread throughout; to thoroughly diffuse; to make a path between two points; to proceed in a logical manner; to let pass
please (give me); please (do for me)
may; might; perhaps; may be; possibly
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
font of purifying water placed at the entrance of a shrine
Superintendent General of the Metropolitan Police
my; one's own; personal; privately owned
god (esp. the Christian God)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to torment; to pain; to inflict (physical) pain; to harass; to cause (emotional) pain; to afflict
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to be hit; to strike; to touch; to be in contact; to be equivalent to; to be applicable; to be right on the money (of a prediction, criticism, etc.)
patience; forbearance; endurance; forgiveness; pardon
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
safety; security; safely; without incident; good health; inaction
permanence; perpetuity; Chōkyū era (1040.11.10-1044.11.24)
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
anger; rage; fury; wrath; indignation
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
called; named; as many as; as much as; all ...; every single ...
(your) words; what you say; what you have said; a few words (of welcome, advice, etc.)
knowing; (an) acquaintance
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
papa; dad; daddy; sugar daddy