year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
getting closer; drawing nearer; being not much different; being near (age, skill, etc.); becoming close (i.e. friendly); becoming intimate
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
Osaka (city); (arch.) large hill
person's origin (e.g. city, country, parentage, school)
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
elementary school student; primary school student; grade school student
(approximate) time; around; suitable time (or condition); time of year; season
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
font of purifying water placed at the entrance of a shrine
the future (usually distant); future tense; the world to come
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
rural area; countryside; the sticks; hometown
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
sobbing; weeping; fit of crying
abdomen; belly; womb; one's mind; one's real intentions; courage; nerve
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
I wonder; should I?; is it?; I wish that; I hope that
companions; friends; comrades; mates; partners
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
together (with); at the same time; in a lump
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to dig; to excavate; to delve into; to dig up (e.g. vegetables); (for two men) to have anal sex
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
while; during (the time when)
to change; to be transformed; to move to; to be different; to be uncommon
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
shelf; ledge; rack; trellis