from the standpoint of; as a matter of (e.g. fact); aboard (a ship or vehicle); on top of; first volume (e.g. book); superior quality; best
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
spirit of a deceased person; the Holy Ghost; the Holy Spirit
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to swear; to vow; to take an oath; to pledge
heir; successor; family estate; family fortune; headship of a family
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to succeed (a person, to a position, etc.); to inherit; to patch (clothes); to mend; to add (e.g. charcoal to the fire); to replenish with
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
acting shugo (Kamakura or Muromachi period military governor)
good; excellent; sufficient; enough; profitable (deal, business offer, etc.); beneficial
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
to enter; to go into; to break into; to join; to enroll; to contain; to hold
to name; to take a second name or alias; to announce; to boast; to declare
to hand over; to transfer; to give up (e.g. one's seat); to give way; to yield; to concede
face; mask; face guard; (in kendo) striking the head; surface (esp. a geometrical surface); page; aspect
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to show someone (into a room)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to convey (a message, e.g. to one's superior); to communicate; to pass on; to pass along
as you see; as you can see
to be tonsured; to have one's head shaved; to become a monk
wordly things; common customs; the world; the (common) people; secularity
rubbish; trash; garbage; refuse
to pay (e.g. money, bill); to brush off; to wipe away; to drive away (e.g. one's competitors); to sell off (something unneeded); to dispose of; to pay (e.g. attention)
to be attached; to be connected with; to remain imprinted; to scar; to bear (fruit, interest, etc.); to be acquired (of a habit, ability, etc.); to increase (of strength, etc.)
future affairs; affairs after one's death
to entrust (a matter) to; to leave to; to abandon oneself to (e.g. pleasure); to yield to (e.g. anger); to devote oneself to
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
to entrust (someone) with; to leave (a matter) with someone; to have someone deliver (a message, parcel, etc.); to send (through someone); to use (something) to express (one's feelings, opinion, etc.); to express in the form of (something)
to think; to consider; to think (of doing); to plan (to do); to judge; to assess; to imagine
old; aged; long; since long ago; of the distant past; long-ago
to escape from; to get out
new; neo-; newness; novelty; Gregorian calendar; Xin dynasty (China, 9-23 CE)