year; counter for years (e.g. of an era), grades (e.g. school); period of an apprentice's contract (usu. ten years)
Owari (former province located in the west of present-day Aichi Prefecture)
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
10,000; ten thousand; myriad; everything; all; (arch.) various
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
(common) soldier; rank and file; army; troops; warfare; strategy
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to lead; to spearhead (a group); to command (troops)
Mino (former province located in the south of present-day Gifu Prefecture)
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
national border; provincial border
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to encamp; to take up a position
war; battle; campaign; (arch.) troops; (arch.) forces
structure; construction; posture (e.g. in martial arts); pose; readiness; determination
that; that thing; that person; then; that time; that place (over there); down there (i.e. one's genitals)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
military forces; hosts; troops
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
to differ (from); to vary; to not be in the usual condition; to not match the correct (answer, etc.); to be different from promised; isn't it?
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
behind; rear; after; later; remainder; the rest; more (e.g. five more minutes)
(a) little; (a) few; slight; only; just; merely
to hurry; to rush; to hasten; to make something happen sooner
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
oh!; good heavens!; ugh!; oh no!; ah!; the penny drops!
long time; long interval; for quite some time
absence; being away from home; house-sitting; house-sitter; being left unattended to (of one's studies, etc.); neglecting
appearing ...; looking ...; way to ...; method of ...ing; form; style
to return; to come home; to leave; to get home; to get to home plate
opponent; rival; adversary; menace; danger; threat
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
protection; defense; providence; amulet; charm
to take (seat, position, course, office, etc.); to assume; to ascend (the throne); to accede; to start (on a journey); to commence
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to