indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
battle; fight; war; struggle; conflict
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
number one; first; best; most; game; round
achievement; feat; meritorious deed; distinguished service
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
Ōmi (former province located in present-day Shiga Prefecture)
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
will; resolution; kindness; goodwill; gift (as a token of gratitude)
congratulation; celebration
earth; ground; place; territory; bottom (of a package, book, etc.); earth (one of the five elements)
to give (esp. to someone of lower status); to bestow; to provide; to afford; to assign; to cause
side (esp. of a waterbody); edge; bank; shore
slope; incline; hill; milestone; (age) mark
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
father (esp. used in samurai families prior to the Meiji period)
story; tale; talk; discussion
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
good; OK; all right; fine; very well; will do
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
to rise; to go up; to enter (esp. from outdoors); to come in; to enter (a school); to advance to the next grade; to get out (of water)
indeed; really; truly; very much
happy; glad; pleased; joyful; delightful; gratifying
occasional; infrequent; rare
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
thereupon; shortly thereafter
to go; to come; to be defeated; to collapse; to be annoyed; to be nonplussed
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo