everything; anything; nothing
Homage to the Three Jewels (Buddha, Dharma and Sangha); oh no!; good heavens!; oops
sagacity; wisdom; intelligence
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
snare; trap (for catching wild game, etc.); trap (i.e. ruse, subterfuge, etc.)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation
(sound of) laughter; laughing voice
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
adds force or indicates command
how; in what way; how about
to be sorry; to beg pardon; to be grateful; to be amazed; to be filled with awe; to be disconcerted
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
traditional ordering of the Japanese syllabary; fundamentals; the ABCs of ...
high-ranking noh actor; head of a school of noh performance; high ranking courtesan (esp. in Yoshiwara) (Edo-period); jōruri narrator; manzai narrator; female role actor in kabuki; low ranking priest in a Shinto shrine
extent; degree; limit; bounds; (span of) time; (a) distance; the state of
famous product; special product; speciality; specialty
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
readiness; preparedness; resolution; resignation
to be (of animate objects); to exist; to stay; to be ...-ing; to have been ...-ing
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
to convey (a message, e.g. to one's superior); to communicate; to pass on; to pass along
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity); since; from (originator); by; because; since; out of (constituent, part)
estrangement; alienation; disaffection
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
inside; interior; among; within; middle; center; during
various countries; various regions; various provinces
daimyo (Japanese feudal lord)
to turn towards; to point
to throw down; to bring down; to kill; to defeat; to overthrow; to trip up
still (continuing); as ever; further
sentence; composition; text; the literary arts (as opposed to the military arts); academia; statement
to send (a thing); to dispatch; to take or escort (a person somewhere); to see off (a person); to bid farewell (to the departed); to bury; to spend (time)