hand; arm; forepaw; foreleg; handle; hand; worker
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
only; just; merely; as much as; to the extent of; enough to
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
world; society; life; lifetime; age; era; reign
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to turn back (e.g. half-way); to return; to go back; to recover (e.g. something lost); to be returned; to rebound
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
yes; yeah; huh?; what?; not; 's
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
of course; certainly; naturally
to desire; to wish; to beg; to request; to have something done for oneself
to be able (in a position) to do; to be up to the task; to be ready; to be completed; to be made; to be built; to be good at
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
than; from; out of; except; but; more
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
where; which; anyway; anyhow; sooner or later; eventually
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
two persons; two people; pair; couple
to; for; in order to; for; as for; regarding
time; hour; occasion; case; chance; opportunity
have to (verb); must (verb); is indispensable; absolutely necessary
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
teacher; instructor; sensei; title or form of address for a teacher, master, doctor, lawyer, etc.; intimate or teasing form of address; (arch.) one's elder
feeling; sensation; preparedness; readiness; thought; sentiment
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
now; the present time; just now; another; more
we; us; I; me; my store (business, etc.)
to hold (in one's hand); to take; to possess; to have; to maintain; to keep; to last
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to try to ...; to be about to do ...; to decide to ...; to take as; to treat as; to use for; to suppose that (such) is the case
to be (animate); to be; to be ..ing; to (have the audacity to) do
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
enough; sufficient; sufficiently; fully; division into ten
Mr.; Mrs.; makes a word more polite (usu. in fixed expressions); state; situation