indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
where; what place; how much (long, far); what extent
to go; to move (in a direction or towards a specific location); to proceed; to take place; to pass through; to come and go; to walk
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
having a short time to live; having not much longer to live; having little time left; (one's) days are numbered
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
bass range (in Japanese music); six even-numbered notes of the ancient chromatic scale; Japanese seven-tone gagaku scale similar to Mixolydian mode (corresp. to: re, mi, fa, so, la, ti, do)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
everyone; everybody; all; everything; all
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
crown prince; Prince Shōtoku
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
should; must; -able; probably; likely
blood; blood; ancestry; (the) blood; feelings
water (esp. cool, fresh water, e.g. drinking water); fluid (esp. in an animal tissue); liquid; flood; floodwaters; water offered to wrestlers just prior to a bout
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to dribble; to spill; to suspend; to hang down; to slouch
to be mixed; to be blended with; to be combined; to associate with; to mingle with; to interest
another person; other people; unrelated person (i.e. not related by blood); outsider; stranger
clearly; plainly; distinctly; to be clear; to be definite; to be certain
direction; way; side (of an argument, etc.); one's part; type; category; field (of study, etc.)
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to examine; to look up; to investigate; to check up; to sense; to study
sub-; -ous (indicating a low oxidation state); -ite; Asia; Argentina; Arabia; America
nth son; lang; official title in ancient China; (arch.) man; (arch.) young man; (arch.) my husband
study; research; investigation