indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
how; in what way; how about
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
endorsing and questioning the preceding statement; lamenting reflections on the preceding statement
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
good; excellent; fine; nice; pleasant; agreeable
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
item; heading; category; headword (in a dictionary, encyclopedia, etc.); entry
to be aware of; to know; to notice; to feel; to understand; to comprehend; to remember
to shout; to cry; to scream; to clamor (for or against); to clamour (for or against)
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
interior design; interior; upholstery
smartly dressed; stylish; someone smartly dressed; to dress up; to be fashionable
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
gyoza; pot sticker; crescent-shaped pan-fried dumplings stuffed with minced pork and vegetables
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
operation; management; handling; manipulating (to one's benefit); manipulation; influencing
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
at last; finally; barely; narrowly; just
disagreeableness; unpleasantness; nastiness; cutting remark; disagreeable remark; snide comment
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
or rather (say); or better (say); or perhaps I should say; or, how should I put it; I mean
toilet; restroom; lavatory; bathroom
you said; he said; if ... then; do you seriously think that; I already told you; you should know by now that; the said ...
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
yes; indeed; ha!; what?; huh?; sigh
here; this place; this point; here; these past ... (e.g. three years); these last ...
-ness; indicates assertion; come; come now
common Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii)
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
central figure; pillar (e.g. of the nation); chief; boss; master carpenter; beams and ridge supports of a roof
ah!; oh!; yes; indeed; aah; gah
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
indication; denotation; designation; instructions; directions
in accordance with; following; roughly; about; Street; Avenue
to do; to undertake; to send; to dispatch; to put; to move; to give (esp. to someone of equal or lower status)
huh?; eh?; what?; oh; hey!; look!
this; this one; this person; now; this point (in time); here; used to stress the subject of a sentence
this sort of; this kind of; like this; such