indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
talk; speech; topic; subject; discussions; negotiation; rumor
cancelling (a debt); forgiving (a debt); being even; forgetting (what was said or done); pretending (something never happened)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
wanted; wished for; in need of; I want (you) to
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
fertile shoot of field horsetail
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
to bring someone happiness; to make someone happy
to raise; to elevate; to do up (one's hair); to fly (a kite, etc.); to launch (fireworks, etc.); to land (a boat); to deep-fry
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
definitely; absolutely; absolute; unconditional; absoluteness
house; residence; family; household; lineage; family name
to come and stay; to drop in; to visit
right?; isn't it?; hey; say; you know; you see; will you?
(arch.) office; (arch.) official; chief; head; (Yaeyama Islands in Okinawa) person (usually a woman) whose duty it is to officiate at religions ceremonies
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to recognize; to recognise; to deem; to judge; to approve; to deem acceptable; to admit
to give; to let (one) have; to give; to do for one; to take the trouble to do; to do to someone's disadvantage
scary; frightening; eerie; dreadful
thing; object; one's things; possessions; things; something; quality
nonexistent; not being (there); not having; not
seems; I think; I guess; don't you agree?; I thought you'd say that!
yes; yeah; hum; hmmm; oof
Formosan sweetgum (Liquidambar formosana)
as expected; sure enough; after all (is said and done); in the end; too; also
in that way; thus; so; so?
to say; to utter; to name; to call; to go (e.g. "the alarm went ping"); to make a noise
what!; oh; what the heck; what the; damn
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
seeing one off; farewell; escort
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
sentence-ending particle expressing doubt
a little; a bit; just a minute; for a moment; somewhat; rather; (not) easily
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
human kindness; human weakness
to be; to exist; to have; to be located; to be equipped with; to happen
to finish; to end; to merely result in something less severe than expected; to feel at ease; to feel unease or guilt for troubling someone; to be sorry
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
head office; main office; main shrine; this company; this shrine
president (of a society); chairman
room; wife (of someone of high rank); scabbard; Chinese "Encampment" constellation (one of the 28 mansions)