this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
(non-documentary) television series; TV drama; teledrama; drama; dramatic incident; spectacle
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
origin; source; base; basis; cause; ingredient; material
young motorcycle-riding delinquents; bōsōzoku
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
poverty-stricken; destitute; poor; penurious
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
deviation value (usu. scaled to mean of 50, standard deviation of 10, and often used for academic grades); deviation; T-score; standard score
fallen scraps; scatterings; leftovers; remainder; student who cannot keep up in school; dropout (from school, society, a movement, etc.)
senior high school student
pluralizing suffix (esp. for people and animals; formerly honorific)
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
academic meritocracy; education-conscious society; society that places (excessive) emphasis on academic records
highest peak; highest mountain; greatest authority; most prominent person; pinnacle (e.g. of art)
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
passing university entrance exams in the last year of high school (instead of failing then taking gap year(s))
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
until (a time); till; to (a place or person); as far as; to (an extent); up to
to draw; to paint; to depict; to describe; to picture in one's mind; to imagine
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
being deeply moved emotionally; excitement; passion; inspiration; deep emotion; strong impression
record; minutes; record (e.g. in sports); results; to record; to document
cherry tree; cherry blossom; fake buyer; paid audience; hired applauder; horse meat
tree; shrub; bush; wood; timber
to hang up (e.g. a coat, a picture on the wall); to let hang; to put on (e.g. a blanket); to put on top of; to put on (glasses, etc.); to wear (a necklace, etc.); to make (a call)
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
fifth day of the month; five days
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
senior high school; high school
dot; spot; mark (in an exam, etc.); grade; point (in a game); score; point (in geometry)
perfect score; full marks; extremely; very; quite
to have (e.g. lunch); to take (e.g. vitamins)
whether or not (in phrases like "I don't know whether or not I can come")
special promotion (in rank or grade)
pupil; student; schoolchild
other (place, thing, person); the rest; outside; beyond; nothing except; nothing but
all members; all hands; everyone; everybody; whole crew
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
defeat; loss; failing to live up to (one's name, looks, etc.); discount; loss (on a sale)
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do