indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
number; edition; sobriquet; pen-name; size (of printing types, canvases, knitting needles, etc.); suffix attached to names of ships, trains, airplanes, etc.
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
to wait; to await; to look forward to; to depend on; to need
aah!; ooh!; oh no!; oh boy!
interval; period of time; among; between; good opportunity; chance
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
to kill; to slay; to suppress; to block; to suppress (a voice, feelings, etc.); to hold back
radio (communication); wireless; not using wires
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
correspondence; communication; transmission; news; signal; telecommunications
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
Five Dynasties (of China; 907-979)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
bag; sack; skin of an orange (and other like fruits); dead end; plot of land surrounded by water
neighborhood; vicinity; environs; approaching
(squad of) police; police force
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
medium; average; moderation; middle school; China; volume two (of three); during (a certain time when one did or is doing something)
(suffering) damage; injury; harm
to leave; to exit; to leave (on a journey); to depart; to move forward; to come to; to get to
seeming to be; appearing to be; like; similar to; in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that
matter; affair; counter for (received) emails, text messages, voicemail messages, etc.; counter for accounts (on a website, email service, etc.)
after; post; ex-; after the fact; ex post
processing; dealing with; treatment; disposition; disposal
to be put in order; to be put to rights; to be disposed of; to be solved; to be finished; to be married (off)
depending on; as soon as; immediately after; as (e.g. "as one is told", "as one wishes"); whatever (e.g. "whatever is at hand"); order; program
that way; that direction; there; that (one); you; your family
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to face; to go towards; to head towards
to understand; to comprehend; to become clear; to be known; I know!; I think so too!
safe; secure; certainly; surely; no thanks; I'm good
today; this day; these days; recently; nowadays
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
to repeat; to do something over again
people; men and women; each person; everybody