indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
various; varied; diverse; all sorts of
sound; noise; note; fame; Chinese-derived character reading
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
the end; closing; being done for; that's it; that's enough; that's all
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
as one would expect; just as you'd expect (from); just like (someone)
green; greenery (esp. fresh verdure)
force; strength; capability; ability; efficacy; effect; effort
be; is; did; (have) done; please; do
life; life force; lifetime; lifespan; most important thing; foundation
to seem to be ...; to become like ...; to behave as ...
will; volition; intention; intent; determination
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
Five Dynasties (of China; 907-979)
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
a line; a streak; one item (in an itemized form); one clause; one matter (affair, event, case, incident); (arch.) the same logic
thank you; thanks; much (thanks); very (sorry); quite; really; somehow
abrupt; sudden; unexpected
at; in; at; when; by; with; and then
I'm sorry; (it's) inexcusable; I feel regretful; thank you very much (for help, etc.)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
hey; you; hey; hey; hold on; yo
this time; now; next time; another time; recently; lately
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
you; buddy; monarch; ruler; he; she
to be heard; to be audible; to be said to be; to be reputed
to pass through; to pass by; to pass (of time); to elapse; to have expired; to have ended; to exceed
approximately; about; to (about) the extent that; (almost) enough that; as ... as ...; like
and; besides; because; since; the thing is; for one thing
what; how many; many; a lot of; several; a few
eye; eyeball; eyesight; sight; look; stare; notice
too; also; both A and B; A as well as B; even; as much as
to be seen; to be in sight; to look; to seem; to come
terrible; dreadful; amazing (e.g. of strength); great (e.g. of skills); to a great extent; vast (in numbers)
what; you-know-what; that thing; whatsit; whachamacallit; (not) at all; (not) in the slightest
that's the way it is; yes; is that so?; is it?
that; it; then; that point (in time); (arch.) there; (arch.) you
never mind that; don't worry about that; listen up
diligently; seriously; perfectly; properly; sufficiently; satisfactorily
explanation; exposition; description; account; caption; legend
as a matter of fact; by the way; to tell you the truth; to be honest; frankly
again; once more; also; too; on the other hand; while; and
new; novel; fresh; recent; latest; up-to-date
figure; form; appearance; dress; state; condition