innocent; chaste; naive; pure; unmixed; genuine
lie; fib; mistake; error; unwise move; bad decision
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
all present; all concerned; all of us
poem; poetry; verse; Chinese poem
Island; insula; island; islet
yes; that is correct; understood; I see; present; here; pardon?
to come (spatially or temporally); to approach; to come back; to do ... and come back; to come to be; to become
December; twelfth month of the lunar calendar
twenty-fourth day of the month; twenty-four days
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
counter for nights of a stay; overnight stay; lodging
Mr.; Mrs.; Miss; politeness marker
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
don't; do; hey; listen; now, ...; well, ...
eve (esp. Christmas Eve); the night before
indicates a question; or; whether or not; some- (e.g. something, someone); hmm; huh; very
lovely; wonderful; nice; great; fantastic; superb
is not; am not; are not; isn't it?
tsk tsk; oh-oh; huh; what's that?
the person in question; the person themselves; said person
dissatisfaction; discontent; displeasure; complaint; unhappiness
that is so; that is right; it looks to me; people say that; it is said that; I hear that
by the way; in this connection; incidentally; in passing
this; last (couple of years, etc.); these; you (as in "you liar")
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
remainder; remnant; (not) very; (not) much; too much; excessively
to like; to be pleased with; to be delighted with; to take a liking to; to suit one's fancy
after all; because; but; even; too; as well
come; come now; well; who knows; well now; let's see
now; soon; already; yet; further; more
every year; yearly; annually
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
present; gift; to give a present or gift
one; for one thing; only; (not) even; just (e.g. "just try it"); some kind of; one type of
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
present (e.g. government, administration); current; existing