hygiene; sanitation; health
ministry; department; province (of China); saving; conserving
secretariat councillor; assistant vice-minister; deputy director-general
indicates possessive; nominalizes verbs and adjectives; substitutes for "ga" in subordinate phrases; (at sentence-end, falling tone) indicates a confident conclusion; (at sentence-end) indicates emotional emphasis; (at sentence-end, rising tone) indicates question
Hyūga (former province located in present-day Miyazaki Prefecture); Hyūga (city)
indicates sentence topic; indicates contrast with another option (stated or unstated); adds emphasis
than; from; out of; except; but; more
people (of a country); nation; citizen; national
at (place, time); in; to (direction, state); toward; for (purpose); because of (reason); for
important; significant; precious; valuable; careful
thing; matter; incident; occurrence; circumstances; situation; work
indicates direct object of action; indicates subject of causative expression; indicates an area traversed; indicates time (period) over which action takes place; indicates point of departure or separation of action; indicates object of desire, like, hate, etc.
honorific/polite/humble prefix
to convey; to report; to transmit; to communicate; to tell; to impart
to do; to carry out; to cause to become; to make (into); to serve as; to act as; to wear (clothes, a facial expression, etc.)
to become; to get; to result in; to turn out; to consist of; to be composed of; to be completed
now; the present time; just now; another; more
country; state; region; national government; central government; home (i.e. hometown, home country); (arch.) province (of Japan)
new type; new style; new model; new strain (e.g. infectious disease)
crisis; critical situation; emergency; pinch
to intimidate; to frighten; to scare; to threaten (e.g. peace); to jeopardize; to endanger
infection; contagion; becoming infected
in order to (e.g. meet goal); so that; take care (so as); hoping or wishing for something
to make progress; to develop; to evolve (method, style, etc.)
indicates sentence subject (occasionally object); indicates possessive (esp. in literary expressions); but; however; regardless of; whether (or not)
to spread (out); to extend; to stretch; to reach to; to get around; to fill (e.g. a space)
the expectation is that ...; the reason is that ...; the fact is that ...; the explanation is that ...; it is that ...
if; when; and; with; used for quoting (thoughts, speech, etc.); promoted pawn; indicates a question
by means of; due to; because of; according to
increase; multiplication; propagation; proliferation
before long; soon; almost; nearly; finally; in the end
infectious disease; infection
popular name; common name; nickname; alias
to cause; to induce; to bring about; to pull upright; to help up (e.g. a fallen person)
horse; horse racing; promoted bishop